1 Andrea Walsh’s collection of faceted boxes, 14 in. (35 cm) in length, fine bone china and kiln-cast glass, 2009–13. Photo: Shannon Tofts.
“Things come to matter through our intimate relations with them, object and subject combined and entwined, inseparable in mind and memory.”—Louise Crewe, 20111
Industrially produced ceramics, everyday ceramics perhaps, can be a useful tool to engage communities. Within our daily lives we encounter a variety of objects, from our cup full of hot tea in the morning, to a table laden with Sunday dinner delights, all presented on the humble plate; these objects are within our collective, (if perhaps Western) consciousness. Ceramic objects in this format contain many associations and can be intrinsic in forming and recalling memories of people, place, or experience. They can enable us to create our own narrative of the world around us. As a somewhat common language, I have used their accessibility to establish conversations and connections with different parts of the UK community, enabling individuals to create personal and group narratives on a public level (in particular through Graffiti*d, 2009 and Wesley Meets Art, 2008).
Craft and Industry Collaborations
Craft and industry have a plethora of overlaps, and working together can provide insights and shifts of perspective that can resolve issues or simply move production into a new area—for either party. Successful partnerships are those which are clear in their goals—ones in which both parties gain. They are also not always straightforward collaborations—there are many ways to work with others. Programs such as the British Ceramics Biennial—which combines exhibitions with conferences, symposia, and special projects—provide such opportunities for partnerships and collaborations to form between individual makers and industry.
One example is the artist-into-industry type of residency. This allows both ceramic artists and artists from other media to complete specific projects in the factory setting, often with resources and technical expertise made available. Through BCB, the artist Andrea Walsh, having trained in fine art and glass, undertook a residency at Wedgwood in 2009 for six months at the Barlaston factory. Based with the model makers of the factory, she explored themes of the Minton brand of Wedgwood—experimentation, opulence, and luxury—responding to this within a new body of work that continues to be central to her practice to date. Key to her experience was the idea of working with others—learning from the hugely experienced and talented people working within Wedgwood has inspired her practice in many ways. “The project . . . enabled a freedom to explore and investigate the many aspects of the ceramics industry in relation to my own work. . . . I felt privileged to spend time with individuals who were eager to share their wealth of experience and skill,” Walsh explains (1).
The experience of having an artist in residence can also benefit the company in many ways. The artist has time to investigate in a way that staff on a commercial deadline just don’t have the time for. New insights can be made visible into existing archives, or with materials and techniques, which can allow the company to revalue their own products. It can also open up new product lines, techniques, materials, and processes; sometimes an external perspective is all that is needed to see the small shifts that can be made to existing processes to improve efficiency or alter the product outcome.
Residencies are one way of exploring this common ground, but there are others—developing new products, research projects, and archive exploration can provide insight and new future paths. Perhaps small-scale production houses have an opportunity here too, both in working with individual makers in a similar way, but also to work with large-scale industry to evaluate, among other things, scales of production and the associated benefits and pitfalls. Sharing of experience and passing on knowledge is something that ceramic makers have always been good at.
Waterjet cutting existing ceramic objects was something I had been keen to explore for a while, and initially I had a few samples cut at Sunderland University in the ceramics department while at a conference there (2).
Following the success of these samples I worked with Control Waterjet in Chesterfield, UK, through a scheme developed by the then Liverpool and Manchester Design Initiative, whereby individual makers were paired with an industrial partner to explore the potential for developing new pieces. I have also accessed the waterjet machine within Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), where I teach, but this is housed within the engineering department and heavily used by students and researchers there so is not always available.
The advantage to working with Control Waterjet is that after an initial period of conversation, investigation, and testing, we developed a language of written descriptions, vector drawings, and objects that enabled me to mail them a set of plates and receive a set of cut plates a week later (3 and 4). The plates that I send to them are marked up in such a way as to be understood by the staff on the shop floor operating the machine, and the digital files are sent to the office staff to verify for cutting. Between us we have tested things that we thought might fail, which have lead to surprising results, and some things that we all expected to work that have not. Much of the loss rate is related to the fact that I work with used objects, which can contain unseen fractures or internal damage that, once exposed to the pressure of the waterjet, simply crack.
Custom and Hand-cut Decals
Working with solid color decals gives me the freedom to cut patterns however I choose, and create one off detailed pieces for individuals or projects. These decal sheets can be purchased online through Held of Harrogate (www.held.co.uk) and The Ceramic Shop (www.theceramicshop.com) in the US. I work with Heraldic Pottery in Stoke-On-Trent which produces custom transfers of an exceptionally high quality, particularly the prints in gold. They are the only company I’ve worked with for transfers and wouldn’t use anyone else as their quality is so consistent (5 and 6).
4 Flower plate, waterjet cut china, 2009. 5 Scherzer (detail), hand-cut transfer on vintage porcelain plate with real gold decoration, 2005. 6 Kahla porcelain cup and saucer with added custom decals, 2005.
When working on a large-scale project, I can produce one off colorways or patterns. For example, The Four Seasons Hotel, Mauritius, approached me through an interior design agency in London. This agency had met me and seen my work at 100% Design in London two years previously. (Patience is always necessary when working with interior designers and architects—their lead times are long and they need to find the right project to utilize your work.) The hotel wanted to purchase some of my Solas lights with the leaf pattern, but in a custom purple to coordinate with the interior. Thanks to Heraldic, I was able to produce a run of limited edition purple prints matched to a Pantone reference so the client knew exactly what color they were getting. I also use digital prints at times to test ideas before production. Given the choice however, I always opt for screen-printed transfers over digital prints for quality. My first love though is hand cutting transfers—I find the process infinitely satisfying.
Larger-scale production
The Solas lighting range (7 and 8) was produced by English Elegance in Congleton, UK. This was an amazing family studio, producing a range of wares for individual designers, shops, and larger distributors. They were expert at resolving issues and were incredibly supportive to me during the seven years of production. Again, the relationship we established was so important to the quality of the end product—their understanding of my market helped to form clear quality control levels and establish a good working basis. Each piece was pierced by hand both before and after glazing in an incredibly time consuming process, yet each was done with such care and attention. When I was working on a large-scale commission for Andor Technology in Belfast, Northern Ireland, I needed to pierce individual star constellations into 14 of the 52 lights, and, once they were cast for me, I was allowed to come into the workshop and pierce each one—taking up half of a casting bench for 3 days. The owner, Mike Wood, was incredibly accommodating, and due to the good relationship we had, it worked! The space in the studio was very well organized and although small, incredibly efficient—I was in the corner so as not to get in anyone’s way.
We expect an industrial partner to be able to produce things quickly and cheaply. Often this is the case, but only after the initial testing, quality control, and mold set-up period has been established. It’s important to bear this in mind—expecting a batch of 20 pieces from an initial sketch within two weeks is entirely unrealistic. Particularly with slip casting, the mold is the most important part, the quality of this will determine the quality of the final piece so getting this right is vital. Investing in these models, molds, and initial batches is a real financial outlay, but it is so worth it in the long run. It’s also important to take this into account when pricing. Your individual unit cost may be $10 but once you add on the cost of the model, block, case, and molds, as well as loss rate and VAT/sales tax, this may end up more like $20 over a run of 200 units. Again, bear this in mind when working with a partner; it’s not always the right path. If you want a batch of 20, then it’s probably better if you can work up to this yourself, if it’s 50 then investing in professionally produced molds is well worth it. If it’s 100 or more then working with an industrial partner is the right decision.
Alterations can be necessary to get your product onto the casting bench. If possible, it’s useful to discuss issues of efficiency with both the caster and the mold maker before the model, block, and case are made.
Don’t be impatient—calling a studio one day and not hearing back for a couple of days is common—they are just busy. I’ve heard some horror stories over the years of makers who are demanding and threatening when it comes to payment of invoices, holding the studio hostage to an unrealistic deadline in order to get paid. This does not bode well for your reputation. The ceramics world is a small one with tight networks, and word gets around.
If you do run into problems though, don’t be afraid to walk away and find a new partner. If you can’t resolve issues, or communication breaks down, then it is obviously not working. Keep everything on a good level from your perspective—simply write a letter to say you are going to be moving your business elsewhere and ask them to call to arrange for you to collect your molds and any remaining pieces. If there is no reply to this then visit in person.
My recommendation to students is always, “If you don’t ask, you don’t get,” but that also comes with a good dose of artist and graphic designer Anthony Burrill’s motto, “Work hard and be nice to people.” It goes a long way. The value is in the relationships you establish with the people you work with. If these aren’t well formed you may not be able to maintain a business—however successful your product is.
9 Work in progress, Dhal ni Pol, 2010. 11 Cj O’Neill placing hand-cut decals on found ceramic plates from The Plate Experiment 2011–13. 10 Examining results at Deepak Tahilani’s Laxmi tunnel kiln, 2010. 12Heaven No.3, found ceramic plate, hand-cut decals, 2012.
Finding Partners On Location: The Dhal ni Pol Project
Working with Deepak Tahilani, the Laxmi ceramics factory, and the children of the neighborhood to produce teacups with customized narrative decals were integral parts of my project there during a 2010 residency (together with Stephen Dixon and anthropologist and filmmaker Amanda Ravetz) at Arts Reverie (9). The tunnel kiln at Laxmi was fascinating to work with as it was just so fast (10). Loading pieces at one end and collecting them not long after at the other end was just incredible. Unfortunately, given the physical distance I can’t see how this relationship can move forward unless I were to revisit India.
On the whole, these experiences have helped me to realize that what I am actually most interested in is the connections we build with other people through the ceramic objects that we encounter or own and how these objects can establish narrative connections much beyond the perceived value of the objects themselves (11 and 12).
1 Crewe, Louise, “Life Itemised,” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 2011, volume 29 pp. 27-46.
the author Cj ONeill is an artist and educator living in Manchester, UK. She currently teaches at Manchester School of Art and is pursuing a PhD entitled ‘Re*presenting: exploring everyday ceramic items through artistic intervention’ at MIRIAD Research Centre, MMU. To learn more about her work, visit www.cjoneill.co.uk.
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1 Andrea Walsh’s collection of faceted boxes, 14 in. (35 cm) in length, fine bone china and kiln-cast glass, 2009–13. Photo: Shannon Tofts.
“Things come to matter through our intimate relations with them, object and subject combined and entwined, inseparable in mind and memory.”—Louise Crewe, 20111Industrially produced ceramics, everyday ceramics perhaps, can be a useful tool to engage communities. Within our daily lives we encounter a variety of objects, from our cup full of hot tea in the morning, to a table laden with Sunday dinner delights, all presented on the humble plate; these objects are within our collective, (if perhaps Western) consciousness. Ceramic objects in this format contain many associations and can be intrinsic in forming and recalling memories of people, place, or experience. They can enable us to create our own narrative of the world around us. As a somewhat common language, I have used their accessibility to establish conversations and connections with different parts of the UK community, enabling individuals to create personal and group narratives on a public level (in particular through Graffiti*d, 2009 and Wesley Meets Art, 2008).
Craft and Industry Collaborations
Craft and industry have a plethora of overlaps, and working together can provide insights and shifts of perspective that can resolve issues or simply move production into a new area—for either party. Successful partnerships are those which are clear in their goals—ones in which both parties gain. They are also not always straightforward collaborations—there are many ways to work with others. Programs such as the British Ceramics Biennial—which combines exhibitions with conferences, symposia, and special projects—provide such opportunities for partnerships and collaborations to form between individual makers and industry.One example is the artist-into-industry type of residency. This allows both ceramic artists and artists from other media to complete specific projects in the factory setting, often with resources and technical expertise made available. Through BCB, the artist Andrea Walsh, having trained in fine art and glass, undertook a residency at Wedgwood in 2009 for six months at the Barlaston factory. Based with the model makers of the factory, she explored themes of the Minton brand of Wedgwood—experimentation, opulence, and luxury—responding to this within a new body of work that continues to be central to her practice to date. Key to her experience was the idea of working with others—learning from the hugely experienced and talented people working within Wedgwood has inspired her practice in many ways. “The project . . . enabled a freedom to explore and investigate the many aspects of the ceramics industry in relation to my own work. . . . I felt privileged to spend time with individuals who were eager to share their wealth of experience and skill,” Walsh explains (1).
The experience of having an artist in residence can also benefit the company in many ways. The artist has time to investigate in a way that staff on a commercial deadline just don’t have the time for. New insights can be made visible into existing archives, or with materials and techniques, which can allow the company to revalue their own products. It can also open up new product lines, techniques, materials, and processes; sometimes an external perspective is all that is needed to see the small shifts that can be made to existing processes to improve efficiency or alter the product outcome.
Residencies are one way of exploring this common ground, but there are others—developing new products, research projects, and archive exploration can provide insight and new future paths. Perhaps small-scale production houses have an opportunity here too, both in working with individual makers in a similar way, but also to work with large-scale industry to evaluate, among other things, scales of production and the associated benefits and pitfalls. Sharing of experience and passing on knowledge is something that ceramic makers have always been good at.
3 Floral Lumo: Vintage Aynsley bone china, waterjet cut, fluorescent enamel, 2009.
Industrial Water-Jet Cutting
Waterjet cutting existing ceramic objects was something I had been keen to explore for a while, and initially I had a few samples cut at Sunderland University in the ceramics department while at a conference there (2).Following the success of these samples I worked with Control Waterjet in Chesterfield, UK, through a scheme developed by the then Liverpool and Manchester Design Initiative, whereby individual makers were paired with an industrial partner to explore the potential for developing new pieces. I have also accessed the waterjet machine within Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), where I teach, but this is housed within the engineering department and heavily used by students and researchers there so is not always available.
The advantage to working with Control Waterjet is that after an initial period of conversation, investigation, and testing, we developed a language of written descriptions, vector drawings, and objects that enabled me to mail them a set of plates and receive a set of cut plates a week later (3 and 4). The plates that I send to them are marked up in such a way as to be understood by the staff on the shop floor operating the machine, and the digital files are sent to the office staff to verify for cutting. Between us we have tested things that we thought might fail, which have lead to surprising results, and some things that we all expected to work that have not. Much of the loss rate is related to the fact that I work with used objects, which can contain unseen fractures or internal damage that, once exposed to the pressure of the waterjet, simply crack.
Custom and Hand-cut Decals
Working with solid color decals gives me the freedom to cut patterns however I choose, and create one off detailed pieces for individuals or projects. These decal sheets can be purchased online through Held of Harrogate (www.held.co.uk) and The Ceramic Shop (www.theceramicshop.com) in the US. I work with Heraldic Pottery in Stoke-On-Trent which produces custom transfers of an exceptionally high quality, particularly the prints in gold. They are the only company I’ve worked with for transfers and wouldn’t use anyone else as their quality is so consistent (5 and 6).4 Flower plate, waterjet cut china, 2009. 5 Scherzer (detail), hand-cut transfer on vintage porcelain plate with real gold decoration, 2005. 6 Kahla porcelain cup and saucer with added custom decals, 2005.
When working on a large-scale project, I can produce one off colorways or patterns. For example, The Four Seasons Hotel, Mauritius, approached me through an interior design agency in London. This agency had met me and seen my work at 100% Design in London two years previously. (Patience is always necessary when working with interior designers and architects—their lead times are long and they need to find the right project to utilize your work.) The hotel wanted to purchase some of my Solas lights with the leaf pattern, but in a custom purple to coordinate with the interior. Thanks to Heraldic, I was able to produce a run of limited edition purple prints matched to a Pantone reference so the client knew exactly what color they were getting. I also use digital prints at times to test ideas before production. Given the choice however, I always opt for screen-printed transfers over digital prints for quality. My first love though is hand cutting transfers—I find the process infinitely satisfying.Larger-scale production
The Solas lighting range (7 and 8) was produced by English Elegance in Congleton, UK. This was an amazing family studio, producing a range of wares for individual designers, shops, and larger distributors. They were expert at resolving issues and were incredibly supportive to me during the seven years of production. Again, the relationship we established was so important to the quality of the end product—their understanding of my market helped to form clear quality control levels and establish a good working basis. Each piece was pierced by hand both before and after glazing in an incredibly time consuming process, yet each was done with such care and attention. When I was working on a large-scale commission for Andor Technology in Belfast, Northern Ireland, I needed to pierce individual star constellations into 14 of the 52 lights, and, once they were cast for me, I was allowed to come into the workshop and pierce each one—taking up half of a casting bench for 3 days. The owner, Mike Wood, was incredibly accommodating, and due to the good relationship we had, it worked! The space in the studio was very well organized and although small, incredibly efficient—I was in the corner so as not to get in anyone’s way.8 Feeding Desire lighting installation, slip-cast porcelain, custom and hand-cut decals, 2006. 7 Solas installation, Andor Technology, Belfast, Northern Ireland, 2005.
Managing Obstacles and Expectations
We expect an industrial partner to be able to produce things quickly and cheaply. Often this is the case, but only after the initial testing, quality control, and mold set-up period has been established. It’s important to bear this in mind—expecting a batch of 20 pieces from an initial sketch within two weeks is entirely unrealistic. Particularly with slip casting, the mold is the most important part, the quality of this will determine the quality of the final piece so getting this right is vital. Investing in these models, molds, and initial batches is a real financial outlay, but it is so worth it in the long run. It’s also important to take this into account when pricing. Your individual unit cost may be $10 but once you add on the cost of the model, block, case, and molds, as well as loss rate and VAT/sales tax, this may end up more like $20 over a run of 200 units. Again, bear this in mind when working with a partner; it’s not always the right path. If you want a batch of 20, then it’s probably better if you can work up to this yourself, if it’s 50 then investing in professionally produced molds is well worth it. If it’s 100 or more then working with an industrial partner is the right decision.Alterations can be necessary to get your product onto the casting bench. If possible, it’s useful to discuss issues of efficiency with both the caster and the mold maker before the model, block, and case are made.
Don’t be impatient—calling a studio one day and not hearing back for a couple of days is common—they are just busy. I’ve heard some horror stories over the years of makers who are demanding and threatening when it comes to payment of invoices, holding the studio hostage to an unrealistic deadline in order to get paid. This does not bode well for your reputation. The ceramics world is a small one with tight networks, and word gets around.
If you do run into problems though, don’t be afraid to walk away and find a new partner. If you can’t resolve issues, or communication breaks down, then it is obviously not working. Keep everything on a good level from your perspective—simply write a letter to say you are going to be moving your business elsewhere and ask them to call to arrange for you to collect your molds and any remaining pieces. If there is no reply to this then visit in person.
My recommendation to students is always, “If you don’t ask, you don’t get,” but that also comes with a good dose of artist and graphic designer Anthony Burrill’s motto, “Work hard and be nice to people.” It goes a long way. The value is in the relationships you establish with the people you work with. If these aren’t well formed you may not be able to maintain a business—however successful your product is.
9 Work in progress, Dhal ni Pol, 2010. 11 Cj O’Neill placing hand-cut decals on found ceramic plates from The Plate Experiment 2011–13. 10 Examining results at Deepak Tahilani’s Laxmi tunnel kiln, 2010. 12 Heaven No.3, found ceramic plate, hand-cut decals, 2012.
Finding Partners On Location: The Dhal ni Pol Project
Working with Deepak Tahilani, the Laxmi ceramics factory, and the children of the neighborhood to produce teacups with customized narrative decals were integral parts of my project there during a 2010 residency (together with Stephen Dixon and anthropologist and filmmaker Amanda Ravetz) at Arts Reverie (9). The tunnel kiln at Laxmi was fascinating to work with as it was just so fast (10). Loading pieces at one end and collecting them not long after at the other end was just incredible. Unfortunately, given the physical distance I can’t see how this relationship can move forward unless I were to revisit India.On the whole, these experiences have helped me to realize that what I am actually most interested in is the connections we build with other people through the ceramic objects that we encounter or own and how these objects can establish narrative connections much beyond the perceived value of the objects themselves (11 and 12).
1 Crewe, Louise, “Life Itemised,” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 2011, volume 29 pp. 27-46.
the author Cj ONeill is an artist and educator living in Manchester, UK. She currently teaches at Manchester School of Art and is pursuing a PhD entitled ‘Re*presenting: exploring everyday ceramic items through artistic intervention’ at MIRIAD Research Centre, MMU. To learn more about her work, visit www.cjoneill.co.uk.Unfamiliar with any terms in this article? Browse our glossary of pottery terms!
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